Just a few months ago, the media was full of wind power, such as recreating a "Land of the Three Gorges" and the like rhetoric, but in the end of August high-level position,glue stick said wind power and other emerging industries tend to duplicate the construction, the various versions of the concerns overnight they have run out, said the new energy industry "and Hot" those who have, say China's wind power industry will be "collapse" of those who have.
In fact,glue gun excess capacity of wind power is only superficial, the real reason is that deep-seated irrational power structure and power grid construction is lagging behind. Start as long as many large-scale wind power grid to solve the problem, wind power development in China is enormous, and the current development of wind power industry is at breaking the bottleneck of the turning point grid.
Sturm und Drang to give the "indigestion."
Unique vast territory, the decision of the wind resource in China is necessarily a big country. China's wind energy resources are widely distributed, which is more abundant mainly in the southeast coastal areas and nearby islands and the northern (northeast, north, northwest) region, rich in wind energy inland there are also individual points. In addition, the offshore wind energy resources are very abundant. Height of 10 meters of land, wind energy economy can be developed 253 million kilowatts, offshore resources are estimated at 3 times larger than the land, 10 meters high wind energy economy can be developed about 7.5 million kilowatts, 50 meters height of about 15 million kilowatts.
In recent years, China to develop wind power. In 2005, China has only 50 million kilowatts of wind power installed capacity, but in the past, "Renewable Energy Law", the wind power industry for 4 years to double realization of new capacity in China in 2008 installed capacity of 12.21 million kilowatts of wind power, has become the first in Asia, the wind TV the world's fourth country, behind only the United States, Germany, Spain after.
Currently, the National Energy Board has preliminarily decided to wind power installed capacity by 2020, increase to 150 million kilowatts planning, wind power market has huge development in recent times. In terms of profitability, in 2007 the largest fan manufacturers - Goldwind machine's gross profit margin reached 29%; and the Ministry of Finance in August 2008 introduced the policy of the wind power machine and its key components manufacturing enterprises by 600 yuan / kW be supplemented.
Under these positive stimulus, the Chinese fans enterprises from 6 in 2004 soared to more than 70 now, more than 10 times the number of firms increase; wind power installed capacity from 2002 years ago to 468,000 kilowatts, the rapid development in 2008 at the end of 1200 million kilowatts, an increase of 7 years a full 25 times.
However, wind power project launched in the race behind, but it is negligible economic benefits, wind power industry into the embarrassing situation of overcapacity. As of the end of 2008, wind power installed capacity to the national total power generating capacity only 1.13%, while electricity generation is only a mere 0.37%. Meanwhile, about one third of Inner Mongolia Wind Power Project is idle; Gansu Jiuquan been put into operation, 46 million kilowatts of wind power installed capacity reaches the maximum power output of only about 65%.
Domestic wind power industry faces a major problem was concentrated in overcapacity, high costs, quality and power unit model constraints and so on. In 2008, the domestic manufacturers is only the first four (gold wind, Hua Rui, East gas and the gas) of production capacity to reach 12 million kilowatts; the 2009 National New installed capacity of around 800-900 million kilowatts in 2010, may is 1,000 kilowatts or more of them. The short term the market does not digest the huge capacity equipment manufacturers.
Moreover, the domestic wind power did not form abroad "need to build the project first," and "local production, local consumption is satisfied," the industry model, in this case, if the rush to start new projects will inevitably result in waste of resources, not conducive to the orderly development of the market.
Excess capacity in the deep-seated reasons.
Excess capacity is only superficial. Wind energy resource rich areas of China most of the lack of hydropower and thermal power, low line network construction, which resulted in China in 2008 12.153 million kilowatts of wind power installed capacity of only 8.94 million kilowatts to the grid of the embarrassing situation. At present, many wind farms use the actual number of hours equivalent full load design value less than the national average capacity factor of about 0.2. The international average of 0.25 to 0.3. Capacity factor is low, unit investment from the point of view, the economy is poor.
The real cause of this phenomenon because of the deep structure of the irrational power supply and power grid construction is lagging behind.
The instability of wind power output, making the existing thermal power units in operation was forced to substantially participate in the system frequency, while the slower thermal power adjustment is difficult to adapt to rapid changes of wind power significantly. With the rapid growth of wind power, wind power will continue to increase the mutation rate, which will have greater impact on the quality of grid frequency. To solve this problem, we need to create a large number of peaking power. According to State Grid Corporation of estimates, 100 million kilowatts per grid wind power, there must be more than 80 million kilowatts, or pumped storage power station gas unit for peak shaving facilities.
The rapid development of wind power grid construction beyond the speed, resulting in grid construction is lagging behind. Use of wind power is "a large-scale - high concentration - high voltage - long distance transport" model, with Europe's "spread the Internet, local consumer satisfaction" in different ways. At present, China's wind power and more in remote areas, before the development of wind power, local economic backwardness, network load is small, can not meet the access requirements of large-scale wind power.
In both cases, the grid construction is lagging behind the problem easier to solve. Good work as long as network planning, especially planning to slightly exceed the construction of wind intensity, wind power output characteristics in accordance with supporting the construction of power grid, increasing the consumptive capacity of wind power, so wind power can solve the problems currently facing the Internet . Of course, this requires national treat as a new energy industry to provide the necessary financial support.
Power structure is not reasonable question is not easy to solve, in order to gain the upper hand power, increase the peaking capacity is the key. Although with the decrease of high energy consumption, peak power differential decline in demand for peaking power will be reduced, but not abundant natural gas resources in China, not many resources available for power generation, gas unit building will be restricted, and pumped storage Power by geographical constraints, and the cost of building large, long period, much will not be forthcoming. At the same time, even if a large-scale wind power to meet the access requirements, the power structure is not reasonable if the problems are not adjusted, wind power was later limited load of problems remain, wind power is still the problem of poor economy can not be fully resolved.
From a longer-term perspective, building smart grid, promoting flexible AC transmission technology based on the traditional power grid through a more intelligent means and tools to make wind power output according to the state to prevent the failure to self-adapt to to achieve optimal control of the grid, but also the future of wind power to solve an effective means of Internet access.
Realization of large-scale grid.
First of all, our existing power structure must be optimized to meet peaking demand for wind power. On the one hand, need to adjust the power structure, improve water, oil, gas power ratio; other hand, the need to increase the size of pumped storage power plant, development of new energy storage technology. Underserved areas of water resources to be supporting the building of thermal power, peaking at the same time expanding the scope of appropriate, improve the system peak load capacity. For some of the high proportion of thermal power, the larger the load difference between peak and valley regions, if the wind power installed capacity is too large, should give due consideration to wind power in peaking. System peak load capacity, is conducive to the development of wind power.
Secondly, we should co-ordinate planning of grid layout, in order to expand the scope of wind power consumptive. Long-term point of view, North China, Central China, East China Power Grid will be to form the backbone grid of UHV AC synchronous grid (c China Power Grid), the Northwest and the Northeast power grid through the DC power transmission system associated with the three Chinese power grid. Hami, Xinjiang, Gansu Jiuquan wind power base in the local area network consumptive difficulties, need three HVDC transmission grid load center of China, in a wider range of consumer satisfaction. Thus, the grid layout should be considered a large-scale wind power into power needs, overall planning.
Third, China's wind power development model should be the combination of wind power and distributed, and common development. Fujian, Shandong and Guangdong to do is to distributed wind power, wind power base in the development of high energy consumption industries to in situ digestion, the best results. However, many of the areas rich in wind resources but also dry, harsh natural environment, is not suitable for human habitation, much less suitable for the development of heavy industry, from economic considerations, the wind power transmission from more appropriate. Therefore, local conditions, the combination of wind power and distributed, and common development, in line with China's actual situation.
Fourth, the introduction of new technology to improve access to grid wind power capacity. To improve capacity for delivery of wind power, wind power to improve power quality, should actively adopt advanced technology. Dynamic reactive power compensation equipment, can improve the wind farm reactive power compensation and voltage regulation, power quality improvement; series compensation / TCSC technology to shorten the distance electrical transmission system, improve the level of security and stability; controllable high resistance to technology for steady-state voltage regulation system, so that the active power of wind power fluctuations in the outgoing channel to maintain the voltage level; switch auxiliary equipment can be used to solve the low voltage reactive compensation equipment caused by frequent switching reduce the switching life of the issue. In addition, should actively develop and promote wind power forecasting techniques for wind power to provide operational control access to network information.
Fifth, to improve wind turbine performance, supporting role on the system. The wind farm active power output to achieve the continuous and rapid adjustment, the need for the existing fan control system (including the background monitoring system) transformation, in addition to wind speed and other factors need to add other existing constraints, fan control system will become more complex, but also to ensure reliable operation of the fan, the fan manufacturer's technical strength is not a small challenge. Reactive power control also exist of how the entire wind farm as a whole to consider the problem of access to well-defined requirements of the new wind farms "can automatically and quickly adjust the total reactive power."
Finally, the need to develop standards to regulate wind power into power. The current disorder of the development of wind power equipment manufacturing industry, quite a mixed bag, resulting in product quality is difficult to guarantee, wind turbine performance can not meet "technical requirements for wind farm grid access" requirement, the large-scale wind power to run safe and stable operation of power system and security. Access to large-scale wind power to meet the needs of the grid, you must improve the "Wind Power System technical requirements" to develop wind farms into power grid control technologies and management requirements, and establishing standards for wind power into power system, and regulate wind power operation to ensure the healthy and orderly development of wind power.