Abstract: Since the late 70s of last century, China's reform and opening up policy, China's economy has a huge development. During these 20 years, the Chinese gross national product (GDP) average annual growth of about 9%; in the last 4 years, the growth of GNP in China is: 1998 growth 7.8%, up 7 1999 . 2% growth in 2000 8.2 percent, while growth of more than 7% in 2001. The development of China's national economy, directly contributing to the development of China's construction industry.glue stick On the scale from the building, the size of China's construction industry in the world ranking in the construction industry can be considered almost second to none. Construction industry employees in China had 3,400 million, while in 1978 China adopted reform and opening up, China's construction industry employees in about 800 million people.glue gun Now the annual output value of China's construction industry is about 550 billion yuan, or about 67 billion U.S. dollars, in the construction floor area of about 14 million square meters of floor area completed each year about 6 million square meters. In addition, China's public investment in municipal facilities, 600 billion yuan per year, or about 73.3 billion U.S. dollars.
Keywords: Intelligent Building Opportunities, Challenges
Overview:
Since the late 70s of last century, China's reform and opening up policy, China's economy has a huge development. During these 20 years, the Chinese gross national product (GDP) average annual growth of about 9%; in the last 4 years, the growth of GNP in China is: 1998 growth 7.8%, up 7 1999 . 2% growth in 2000 8.2 percent, while growth of more than 7% in 2001. The development of China's national economy, directly contributing to the development of China's construction industry. On the scale from the building, the size of China's construction industry in the world ranking in the construction industry can be considered almost second to none. Construction industry employees in China had 3,400 million, while in 1978 China adopted reform and opening up, China's construction industry employees in about 800 million people. Now the annual output value of China's construction industry is about 550 billion yuan, or about 67 billion U.S. dollars, in the construction floor area of about 14 million square meters of floor area completed each year about 6 million square meters. In addition, China's public investment in municipal facilities, 600 billion yuan per year, or about 73.3 billion U.S. dollars.
As the continuous development of economic and technological advances, people are building a large number of engineering requirements of the development, construction works on aesthetics, quality, safety, environment and function suggests a greater and higher requirements. Faced with this heavy and complicated task, building design and construction must be a modern concept, development of the use of modern technology and the use of modern management. Into the construction of intelligent among them, but today's modern architecture and an important part of the development trends.
1, WTO and the Chinese construction market opening
China's accession to the WTO is both an opportunity and a challenge, after 15 years of accession negotiations, the process is very arduous, long time more, but in some ways, some of China's late entry into the WTO also has its advantages, at least in people's thinking, institutional adaptation, policy comb area regulations, there will be more ample preparation, but the inherent accession of a country's economy system, in particular, like China, both a large and underdeveloped countries, after all, will be very huge "impact."
Ministry of Construction in 2000, according to preliminary statistics, in 1998 and 1999, two years, foreign enterprises in China's foreign contracted projects a total of 138 companies are from Hong Kong, Japan, the United States, Germany, Korea, France and other countries and regions. The total number of 383 contracted projects, the total engineering contract for 46 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for the construction market of 1.02 percent.
China's construction industry is the rate of the early 80s the industry to introduce a market economy, is also open to foreign trade, but the statistics cited above show that, in China to enter WTO before, this opening should be said to be preliminary, are very limited , while in China entered WTO, the commitments construction field have the following elements:
● Construction:
1) Allow the establishment of foreign enterprises in China, joint ventures, cooperative enterprises;
2) joint ventures, cooperative enterprises registered capital of domestic enterprises is higher than the level of registered capital;
3) joint venture, cooperative enterprise to bear a certain proportion of foreign investment projects;
4) do not allow foreign companies to set up branches in China directly to contract construction projects.
Begin within three years after joining WTO to allow foreign-owned enterprise set up, but can only contract the following works:
1) All by foreign investment, foreign investment and grants grants or construction projects;
2) China's use of loans from international financial organizations and projects to international bidding;
3) Foreign investment accounted for 50% (inclusive) or more joint ventures, cooperative building projects;
4) the domestic construction industry is difficult to separate domestic investment in construction projects completed by the provincial construction administrative department for approval, allowing the domestic construction enterprises with general contracting or outsourcing.
Joint ventures, three years after joining the WTO began to enjoy national treatment.
Start within five years after joining WTO to allow foreign-owned enterprise established.
● Survey and Design Consulting:
1) Allow the establishment of foreign enterprises in China, joint ventures, cooperative enterprises;
2) to enter the Chinese engaged in the design of architects, engineers and companies must be engaged in design work in the country registered architects, engineers and registered enterprises.
Start within 5 years of joining WTO to allow foreign-owned enterprise was established.
● standard scale and engineering services:
1) to allow foreign companies to establish joint venture enterprises in China;
2) to enter the Chinese individuals and companies must be engaged in the industries in the country registered cost engineer and registered enterprises;
Start within five years after joining WTO to allow foreign-owned enterprise established.
● Real Estate:
1) are engaged in real estate development enterprises, in addition to high-end real estate projects (high-end hotels, apartments, golf courses, etc.) does not allow wholly foreign-owned, other real estate projects without restrictions;
2) real estate services (including real estate valuation, property management, intermediary services, etc.) to allow foreign joint venture, cooperative enterprise.
Start within five years after joining WTO to allow foreign-owned enterprise established.
● Urban Planning:
1) Urban Master Plan is not open;
2) In addition to the general plans for urban areas, a foreign joint venture in China, cooperative enterprises;
3) The individuals and companies entering China must be engaged in planning work in the national planners and registered enterprises.
2, the intelligent building in China.
China Intelligent Building is gradually developed in the last century the late eighties, early nineties, with the reform and opening up, national economic development, comprehensive national strength and people working and living environment of increasing demands , a safe, efficient and comfortable working and living environment has become an urgent need; the same time the rapid development of science and technology, especially technology-based micro computer technology, communication technology and the rapid development of control technology, to meet people these need to provide a technical basis. During this period a number of intelligent building is mainly the special needs of foreign-related hotels and industrial buildings, the use of technology and equipment is mainly imported from abroad. Although penetration is not high, but the enthusiasm of the people is rising, by design units, product suppliers and industry experts a positive response, we can say that they are the first to promote the intelligent building.
In the late eighties compiled by the Ministry of Construction, "Civil Electrical Design", it has been proposed building automation and office automation, the intelligent building concept and the various systems involved with more comprehensive. This time it is mainly for building intelligent understanding of the telephone, cable TV systems received a building in the past, while taking advantage of computer, electrical and mechanical equipment on building control and management. Each system is independent and not linked to each other, combined with the construction does not closer.
Although the wiring cabling such a technique has been the introduction of the smart people have some misunderstanding of the concept of architecture, the intelligent building cabling as the only way. But it does attract a large number of communications networks and IT industry companies to enter the field of intelligent building, and promote the information technology industry focus on the development of intelligent buildings. At the same time the integrated wiring system for voice communications and data communications, modular structure, inside the building for voice and data transmission provides an open platform to enhance information technology and architectural functions, on the development and popularization of intelligent building have a huge role.
1995 China Engineering Construction Standardization Association Communication Engineering Committee issued a "Construction and building cabling system and design specifications", which are to promote the communication network and office automation systems in construction applications. Officially issued by Shanghai local standard "intelligent building design standards," which according to different needs, the intelligent building is divided into three levels, for intelligent building planning, design and construction to provide a basis to promote the development of intelligent buildings.
Another of the major driving force of intelligent building from real estate developers, real estate development boom in the nineties, real estate developers in the intelligent building is not fully understood, when the label discovered the smart building business value So "intelligent building", "5A construction," and even "7A building" in terms of their promotions. It is these circumstances, intelligent building up rapidly in popularity in China in the late nineties, the new high-rise buildings along the coast almost all claimed to be intelligent building, and quickly expanded to the west. According to incomplete statistics, so far, accumulated around the country have been built or are building a number of various types of intelligent building for almost two thousand. Rapidly expanding market in the exercise and develop a smart building design and construction team, but also some non-standard phenomena, intelligent building construction quality of some hidden dangers.
To this end the Ministry of Construction promulgated in 1997, "Building intelligent systems engineering design and management Interim Provisions", in October 1998 and promulgated the "intelligent building systems engineering and system integration Qualification Interim Measures" and the corresponding "professional qualifications standards for the" two laws. This demonstrates the commitment of the two laws and regulations and system integration of intelligent building design qualification, in fact, is a market access standard, which prohibits all sub-standard, not a strength, not the performance of enterprises to enter the market failed to ensure that the market order and the product quality. To the end of 2001, enacted to obtain Ministry of Construction approved the construction of special qualification certificates for intelligent Total 905 (including foreign owned enterprises). Of which 257 qualified engineering design, system integrators, qualified 339, subsystem integrators qualification 309.
If the intelligent building cabling as a whole, the same may be too simplistic, then the blind pursuit of an integrated intelligent building integration, then, regardless of the object and the need for intelligent building, too complicated, intelligent building system integration for this problem, Ministry of Construction Committee of Experts on intelligence and cultural education held in Beijing in 1999, "Intelligent Building System Integration Summit", delegates to the need for intelligent building system integration, system integration and how issues related to the discussion, the representative system integration should be mainly based building automation system, system integration, and use of open standards for systems integration point of view; these views later system integration as a major guiding principle in practice. This marks the intelligent building construction from the blind pursuit of intelligence, Tandaqiuquan turned pragmatic.
The practice of practical ideas, introduced in 2000, the national standard "intelligent buildings" has been fully reflected. Ministry of Information Industry issued the same year, "Construction and building cabling design specification" and "Architecture and Building Engineering Acceptance of cabling," the formulation of these national standards for the healthy and orderly development of intelligent building provides a guarantee.
China's greatest contribution to the intelligent building is the development of intelligent community building. In the last century the development of residential areas in China, construction is a phenomenon unique to China, application of information technology in the residential district primarily for the tenants to provide advanced management tools, secure living environment and convenient communication entertainment. This is the public buildings such as hotels, office buildings, hospitals, gymnasiums and other buildings based intelligence are very different, the Intelligent Community of the proposed is the information society, people to change their way of life is an important embodiment. Ministry of Housing Industrialization Promotion Center at the end of 1999, promulgated the "National Intelligent Residential Quarter points system demonstration projects and technical guidelines" (draft), Guidance plans to use 5 years, organizing the implementation of the national demonstration project of intelligent residential system to stimulate and promote the construction of intelligent residential quarters, to meet 21st century needs of modern living life.
Construction of residential quarters to promote intelligent protagonist run telecommunications provider, people try to get by investing in each household to build a broadband network, and this network of value-added services such as: e-commerce, online entertainment, remote education, telemedicine and other types of data transmission and communication services, etc., and value-added services to recover their investment. So from the developers and tenants will enjoy this "free dinner", a nationwide "broadband hot" is all over the rise. Various types of companies have joined this "enclosure" movement, the frequent occurrence of vicious competition, and even some residential areas while at the same time several sets of broadband network construction. In order to standardize the market of broadband CPN operations, encourage fair competition, to ensure that the interests of the majority of telecommunications users, and promote the development of Internet and broadband services, the Ministry of Information Industry issued the 2001 "Operation Market on Open CPN pilot work," and "operate on the open market broadband CPN framework views."
According to these two documents will be in 13 cities in China to carry out the first broadband Customer Premises open market operations and management pilot. Experimental work is to explore the effective management practices, technical standards, and then across the country, further promoting China's broadband development. Although the document will define broadband CPN-based telecom services operator, but it also provides broadband CPN operating license will be issued cf value-added services to manage the issuance of permits. Therefore, "the framework of opinions" issued, although the increase broadband market access threshold, but still clearly the strength of the business of opening the market.
Although people thought that the development of intelligent building skeptical, but this does not affect the "broadband" has become intelligent building industry, as well as the hottest topic in the real estate industry. More importantly, he will change the way people carry out building intelligent building technology route and mode of operation, and perhaps this also marks the intelligent building has been a breakthrough towards the city, the whole community. Then some of the intelligent building a new interpretation and understanding, the so-called intelligent building is through access to a variety of Yin with network architecture, in order to live and work in these buildings provide a variety of people within the intelligence information that people need services the user through the network to receive and transmit a variety of voice, data and video signals, to meet the people the exchange of information, security, environmental monitoring and property management needs.
3, the development prospects of China's Intelligent Building.
China's accession to WTO and Beijing will host the Olympic Games in 2008, and the world, China is a major event for China's construction industry, construction industry in China is more intelligent is a major event, the Chinese construction market is full of smart business opportunities, but also full of challenges.
3.1 China's vast market of intelligent building.
According to statistics, about building intelligent building investment in total investment of 5% to 8%, some up to 10%. Among them, the lower residential investment in intelligent systems, and higher public investment in building intelligent systems. According to the national average of construction costs in recent years, about 1,200 per square meter or so, so intelligent system's investment more than 60 yuan per square meter. According to National Bureau of Statistics, around the country over the past five years, total investment in real estate development and construction of 2.204222 trillion yuan, and strong growth. If one quarter of the building by the implementation of intelligent systems engineering, and intelligent systems at 6% of project investment, then in the past five years, investment in building intelligent systems engineering has reached 33.0 billion.
5 years of the century during the completion of the national total urban and rural residential area will reach 5.7 billion square meters, of which 2.7 billion square meters of urban to rural areas is 30 million square meters. If by "fifth" period for half of new urban residential intelligent computing, a single intelligent system to this part of the investment to reach 81 billion yuan, and its economic and social benefits are not be underestimated. At the same time, there are intelligent transformation of urban housing will also be gradual, as there will be no small business opportunities. In addition, China's accession to WTO, international economic development of the intelligence level of the office building of the higher demands put forward, not only for the new office building, but also a wide range of large Er transformation of existing office buildings are proposed intelligent needs. Over the past five years, according to the information estimated the same period, public investment is about building intelligent systems intelligent systems residential area about half the investment, we can see that China's huge market potential of intelligent building.
Also Beijing is to host the 2008 Olympic Games, put forward the "Digital Olympics" slogan, Beijing, in order to achieve this goal will be to build a large number of facilities, including: 2008 Olympic Games technical command centers, data centers, information resource center and network management center, safety monitoring center. Meanwhile in Beijing, on the basis of the existing communications network, accelerate the construction of various types of advanced communications facilities, and ultimately provide a highly reliable, highly flexible, scalable, re-use, to adapt to new technological developments of broadband, digital communication system. The radio and television to achieve the technology from analog to digital transformation of radio and television broadcast for the Olympic Games and signal transmission platform to build a network of support. In addition also to build 22 modern stadiums, venues and facilities to improve the intelligence level, which itself will increase the demand for building intelligent systems. More importantly, the construction of these intelligent systems will play the role of demonstration and promotion, will greatly promote the further development of intelligent buildings. In fact, "Digital Olympics" Beijing is to achieve leap-forward development of information needs of the most realistic and most important opportunities, the most valuable brands and most direct power.
3.2 China's Intelligent Building Market in the future.
China's vast market potential for intelligent building development of intelligent building provides a great opportunity, but also with China's accession to WTO, management systems and international standards, market opening, China's intelligent building industry is also facing serious challenges.
First, have a correct understanding of the intelligent building, according to the needs of different development of intelligent buildings. There is a variety of building intelligent systems is that they can meet the need for various needs of the people, to establish a people-oriented ideas. Intelligent building should be the use of information technology to improve building services, management functions and security features, different types of buildings because of its intelligence services of different objects should have different solutions; different grades and different regions of the building because of the different needs of its intelligence should also have different configurations and should not be the same force, should be based on people's needs and optimize the segmentation of the market and setting out to meet the different needs of building intelligent development.
Second, we must make full use of today's information technology, to strengthen international academic exchanges. Intelligent building is the product of the development of information technology, intelligent building systems in a variety of services is nothing more than information collection, transmission and processing tools, today's broadband network technology, smart card technology and the rapid development of mobile communication technology, intelligent building should conform to the information technology development, the use of these technologies to solve the problem of intelligent building, to these technologies as the basis of intelligent building technology. Science and technology are no borders, we must seriously and fully understanding and learning international advanced technology, and strengthen international academic exchanges, catch up with the pace of technological development, and should not repeat the path taken by others.
In addition to rationalizing the existing system of project construction, according to market rules to guide and promote the development of intelligent buildings. Intelligent building project involves many administrative departments, in the past that layers of approval, an event management model number of sector management has been seriously hampered the development of intelligent building, China's accession to WTO, this management model will be fundamentally improved . According to "Construction Law" and "Construction Law Rules" requirement, engineering design and construction quality construction administrative departments will be the unified management of a variety of individual projects that qualified intelligent building needs to be public security, fire protection, telecommunications, broadcasting and the construction sector expected to change the status of ratification, which is conducive to building intelligent systems as a unified system to implement. From the control of the means to manage market access, technical standards into administrative examination and approval, standardize the market fair competition, they need to adjust and improve existing policies and regulations to promote the development of intelligent building.
Establish a new operation and management mode, providing social services. Building intelligent information-based society as a whole is an integral part of intelligent building great services with a strong social, in the past that to a building and a residential unit operation and management of intelligent systems can not be a good play proper function of the intelligent system should be a unified information platform to build on in the community, and as platform for the construction and building services staff, which requires an investment of intelligent building, construction, operation and management adjustments. This service model is also conducive to meet different service needs, and reduce the cost of maintenance and management of intelligent facilities. In short in progress, system reform, China Intelligent Building full of hope, is also facing serious challenges, need to keep learning, continue to study, discuss the development path of intelligent building.